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Description
Human GST ELISA KitProduct Specification Usage Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High precision pipette and gun tips: 0. 5 10uL, 5 50uL, 20 200uL, 200 1000uL 3. 37 constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4 overnight, then centrifuge at 1000g for 20
Product Specification
| Usage |
Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High-precision pipette and gun tips: 0.5-10uL, 5-50uL, 20-200uL, 200-1000uL 3. 37℃ constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4℃ overnight, then centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes, and take the supernatant, or store the supernatant at -20℃ or -80℃, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Plasma: Collect the specimen using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge the specimen at 1000 × g for 15 minutes at 2-8°C within 30 minutes of collection. The supernatant can be assayed or stored at -20°C or -80°C, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre-chilled PBS (0.01M, pH 7.4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh the tissue and mince it. Add the minced tissue to the appropriate volume of PBS (generally a 1:9 weight-to-volume ratio, e.g., 1 g of tissue sample to 9 mL of PBS. The specific volume can be adjusted according to experimental needs and recorded. It is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS) in a glass homogenizer and grind thoroughly on ice. To further lyse tissue cells, the homogenate can be sonicated or repeatedly frozen and thawed. Finally, centrifuge the homogenate at 5000 × g for 5-10 minutes, and the supernatant can be assayed. Cell lysis solution: Gently wash adherent cells with pre-cooled PBS, then digest with trypsin, and collect the cells after centrifugation at 1000×g for 5 minutes; suspended cells can be directly collected by centrifugation. Wash the collected cells 3 times with pre-cooled PBS, add 150-200uL PBS for every 1×10^6 cells to resuspend (it is recommended to add protease inhibitors to PBS; if the content is very low, the PBS volume can be appropriately reduced) and break the cells by repeated freezing and thawing or ultrasound. Centrifuge the extract at 2-8℃, 1500×g for 10 minutes, and take the supernatant for detection. Cell culture supernatant: Centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes, take the supernatant for detection, or store the supernatant at -20℃ or -80℃, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Other biological fluids: Centrifuge at 1000xg for 20 minutes, remove the supernatant, and test. Pre-test preparation: 1. Remove the test kit from the refrigerator 10 minutes in advance and equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Prepare the standard gradient working solution: Add 1 mL of universal diluent to the lyophilized standard, let it stand for 15 minutes to completely dissolve, then gently mix (concentration is 10 ng/mL). Then dilute to the following concentrations: 10 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, 2.5 ng/mL, 1.25 ng/mL, 0.625 ng/mL, 0.3125 ng/mL, 0.15625 ng/mL, and 0 ng/mL. Serial dilution method: Take seven EP tubes and add 500uL of universal diluent to each. Pipette 500uL of the 10ng/mL standard working solution into the first EP tube and mix thoroughly to make a 5ng/mL standard working solution. Repeat this procedure for subsequent tubes. The last tube serves as a blank well; there is no need to pipette liquid from the penultimate tube. See the figure below for details. 3. Preparation of biotinylated detection antibody working solution: Centrifuge the concentrated biotinylated antibody at 1000×g for 1 minute 15 minutes before use. Dilute the 100× concentrated biotinylated antibody to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10uL concentrate + 990uL universal diluent). Prepare and use immediately. 4. Prepare the enzyme conjugate working solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the 100× concentrated enzyme conjugate at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated HRP enzyme conjugate to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10 μL of concentrate + 990 μL of universal diluent). Prepare immediately. 5. Prepare the 1× wash solution: Dispense 10 mL of 20× wash solution into 190 mL of distilled water (concentrated wash solution removed from the refrigerator may crystallize; this is normal. Allow to stand at room temperature until the crystals have completely dissolved before preparing). Procedure: 1. Remove the desired strips from the aluminum foil bag after equilibration at room temperature for 10 minutes. Seal the remaining strips in a ziplock bag and return to 4°C. 2. Sample addition: Add 100 μL of sample or standard of varying concentrations to the corresponding wells. Add 100 μL of universal diluent to the blank wells. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. (Recommendation: Dilute the sample to be tested at least 1-fold with universal diluent before adding it to the ELISA plate. This will reduce the impact of matrix effects on the test results. The sample concentration should be multiplied by the corresponding dilution factor when calculating the final sample concentration. It is recommended to run replicates for all test samples and standards.) 3. Add Biotinylated Antibody: Remove the ELISA plate and discard the liquid without washing. Add 100 μL of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution directly to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. 4. Wash: Discard the liquid and add 300 μL of 1x Wash Solution to each well. Let stand for 1 minute, shake off the wash solution, and pat dry on absorbent paper. Repeat this process three times (a plate washer can also be used). 5. Add Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution: Add 100 μL of Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. 6. Washing: Discard the liquid and wash the plate five times as in step 4. 7. Adding substrate: Add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, cover with a sealing film, and incubate at 37°C in the dark for 15 minutes. 8. Adding stop solution: Remove the ELISA plate and add 50 μL of stop solution directly to each well. Immediately measure the OD value of each well at a wavelength of 450 nm. Calculating experimental results: 1. Calculate the average OD value of the standard and sample replicates and subtract the OD value of the blank well as a correction factor. Plot the standard curve of the four-parameter logistic function on double-logarithmic graph paper, with concentration as the horizontal axis and OD value as the vertical axis. 2. If the sample OD value is higher than the upper limit of the standard curve, dilute the sample appropriately and retest. Multiply the sample concentration by the corresponding dilution factor. |
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| Theory | This kit uses a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample, standard, biotin-labeled detection antibody, and HRP conjugate are sequentially added to microwells pre-coated with a Glutathione S Transferase (GST) capture antibody. After incubation and washing, the sample is developed using the substrate TMB. TMB converts to blue under the catalysis of HRP and to yellow under the action of acid. The intensity of the color is positively correlated with the amount of Glutathione S Transferase (GST) in the sample. The absorbance (OD) is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader to calculate the sample concentration. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | Human | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonym | Human Glutathione S TransferaseELISA Kit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Detection Type | Double antibody sandwich method | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of isoenzymes in eukaryotic and prokaryotic phase II metabolism, best known for their ability to catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotic substrates for detoxification. The GST family comprises three superfamilies: membrane, mitochondrial, and microsomal proteins—also known as MAPEGs. The amino acid sequences of GST superfamily members are extremely diverse, and the functions of a significant portion of sequences deposited in public databases are unknown. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Notes | 1. Strictly adhere to the specified incubation time and temperature to ensure accurate results. All reagents must be at room temperature (20-25°C) before use. Refrigerate reagents immediately after use. 2. Improper plate washing may result in inaccurate results. Ensure that all liquid in the wells is aspirated thoroughly before adding substrate. Do not allow the wells to dry out during incubation. 3. Remove any residual liquid and fingerprints from the bottom of the plate, as this will affect the OD value. 4. The substrate developer solution should be colorless or very light in color. Do not use substrate solution that has turned blue. 5. Avoid cross-contamination of reagents and specimens to prevent erroneous results. 6. Avoid direct exposure to strong light during storage and incubation. 7. Do not expose any reagents to bleaching solvents or the strong fumes emitted by bleaching solvents. Any bleaching agent will destroy the biological activity of the reagents in the kit. 8. Do not use expired products, and do not mix components with different product numbers and batches. 9. Recombinant proteins from sources other than the kit may not be compatible with the antibodies in this kit and will not be recognized. 10. If there is a possibility of disease transmission, all samples should be managed properly and samples and testing devices should be handled according to prescribed procedures. |
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| Storage Temp. | If the unopened kit is stored at 4°C, the shelf life is 6 months. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 0.156-10 ng/mL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applications | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernatants and other biological fluids |
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4.5 ★★★★★
Based on 2299 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
Need book 2 please :-)
Format: Kindle
From the very first chapter, Metal Slinger hooked me and refused to let go.
Set in a brutal, metal-bound world where power is carved from steel and survival depends on strength, strategy, and sheer will, this story follows a young woman forced into a dangerous system where control over metal isn’t just magic — it’s dominance, protection, and rebellion. When she’s pulled into escalating conflict and shifting alliances, she quickly learns that power always comes with a cost.
The magic system is sharp and immersive without being overwhelming. The way metal manipulation is woven into combat and politics makes every confrontation feel cinematic and high-stakes. It’s gritty, tense, and beautifully layered.
The Brynn, our FMC absolutely shines. She’s fierce but not untouchable, resilient without feeling unrealistic. Watching her navigate betrayal, survival, and the slow awakening of her own strength felt earned every step of the way. There’s grit in her fight scenes and vulnerability in her quieter moments that make her deeply human.
And the tension? Immaculate. The chemistry simmers under the surface before sparking into something electric. Every reluctant alliance, every charged interaction, every moment of “are they about to destroy each other or kiss?” had me flying through pages.
The pacing is relentless — no filler, no wasted scenes. Twists land hard. Stakes keep climbing. And that ending? Absolutely feral. The kind that leaves you staring at the wall for a minute before immediately checking when book two releases.
✨ Gritty metal-based magic
⚔️ High-stakes survival
🔥 Slow-burn tension
🖤 Fierce, layered heroine
💥 A finale that HITS (but cliffhanger!)
This is one of those fantasies that reminds you why you fell in love with the genre in the first place. If this is just Book One, I am more than ready to be emotionally wrecked again in the sequel.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 14, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Read this book! Then join our support group for the ending😜
While I’ve read some amazing books this year, it’s been awhile since I have completely devoured a book in less than 24 hours. This book was one I truly could not put down. I couldn’t fall asleep because I didn’t want to stop reading what happened next.
The way this book starts is one of my absolute favorite ways to fall into a story - with no preamble and immediate conspiring amongst characters.
Brynn has quickly become one of my new favorite FMCs. She is just so REAL. No whining or blaming her situation on everyone and everything else. She accepts her role in the world, but also holds a fierce determination to know the truth of that world. She is brave, yet terrified. Strong, yet self-conscious. She is cunning and intelligent and she doesn’t shy away from what is hard or allow emotion to overcome logic. I feel like she’s such a relatable character in everything that happens to her.
Then we have Kai…our commander and son of the leader. He’s got secrets. Big ones. And the amount of times my feelings for him flipped in this book is insane. I’m still honestly reeling…
Acker, my man…he’s mysterious, yet he doesn’t pull his punches. He’s loyal to a fault. He feels things deeply and he is fervent in his beliefs and desires. I adore him and yet want to shake him for the way he goes about making decisions and only sharing half truths. And right now my heart is aching for him and also terrified of him. When I say I need book 2 like I need water, that’s an understatement.
I don’t have space to discuss every side character, but just know that I love them deeply and they each have big personalities of their own.
The miscommunication honestly feels more like a necessity and less of a trope. The MCs don’t truly know one another, so of course there’s hesitancy to share everything with a stranger who has been somewhat forced upon you due to the situation you’ve both found yourself in. But it also is refreshing to watch them both learn to trust and communicate more and more as they go.
The world building was exciting and unique - unlike anything I’ve read before. The kingdoms and their systems and the unique magics all create this setting that is utterly perfect. I never felt confused, but could easily envision everything as it was explained in detail.
The slow burn and spice was paced so perfectly and realistically that it never felt weird or forced or annoying. It unfolds the way most normal relationships would (minus the magic and fantasy aspects). I truly cheered for our MCs and loved the way they finally came together.
This story takes all the tropes we know and love and twists them into something unique and entirely different than all the other stories we’ve grown used to. And when I tell you that you will NEVER see the plot twists coming, HOLY SMOKES BATMAN!
And the last 2 chapters took me ALL THE WAY OUT. I’m not sure how I’m supposed to be okay after that. I almost want to go back to chapter 55 and pretend the rest didn’t happen…but of course I can’t do that and now I’ll just be dying a little inside every day until I get my hands on book two!
If you enjoy fantasy or romantasy, this has to be your next read. All the rest can wait. Grab your copy YESTERDAY.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 24, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Outstanding book - A MUST READ
This is fantasy romance at its finest, and I couldn’t put it down from the moment I started. Packed with classic romantasy tropes that are done so well, especially my favorite: fated mates!
The world-building is both easy to digest and detailed enough to feel immersive. It strikes the perfect balance—not too vague but never overwhelming. The world is divided between several groups of people, and the story revolves around the Alaha, who live on the water, and the Kenta, who reside on land. For centuries, these two factions have maintained a fragile peace, but things take a sharp turn when our FMC, Brynn, threatens that peace right at the beginning of the book. What follows is a thrilling dive into a world of magic, rebellion, and secrets. I will say no more, because you should go into this book relatively blind to get the full experience.
Brynn, our FMC, is everything you could want in a lead. She’s smart, confident, and refuses to bow to threats. Then there’s the MMC, Acker. Scrumptious doesn’t even begin to cover it. The chemistry between him and Brynn is electric, and their dynamic had me grinning (and swooning) throughout.
This book has all the best romantasy tropes: forced proximity, slowest of slow burns, elemental magic, fated mates (done right), political intrigue, and plot twists you will not see coming! Each trope is executed masterfully, blending seamlessly into the story without feeling overdone. If these are your jam, you’ll absolutely love this book. Even if they are not usually your cup of tea, this book may change your mind.
While the pacing is fast and gripping overall, it does have a bit of a lull in the middle. That said, the ending more than made up for it—it left me gasping and desperate for the next book.
I think I said aloud, “What the hell just happened?” when I finished the last page. This book grabbed me by the neck and didn’t let go. It’s full of banter, twisty turns, and a delicious tension. Probably one of my favorite fantasy reads this year. I am going to be thinking about this book non-stop until book 2 is released!
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Reviewed in the United States on November 30, 2024
★★★★★ 4
Cool world building and great side characters
Format: Kindle
I adored the side characters and found them a lot more compelling than Jovie and Acker, if I’m being honest. I really wanted to like her but I found myself getting frustrated by her lack of, I don’t know, real rage for any of the crap people pull on her. Like ok I get this is romantasy but I have a hard time really believing you’re actually as upset at this guy as you claim to be when two minutes later you’re letting this dude shove his tongue down your throat. Additionally, an early running theme is that Jovie is frustrated that there are a bunch of people deciding things for her but the existence of the whole “matched/bond” thing makes much of her autonomy a moot point. Like at one point I think Acker even points out that them getting into bed together is a “foregone conclusion” and someone else mentions that the other matched pairs that don’t end up together ended up literally destroying each other. No pressure. I was a lot more interested in the characterization of Messer, Beau, and Hallis.
I knew I was going to be exasperated consistently by this girl when she let Mr. Murder Hottie treat Messer like a war criminal after he almost got himself spatchcocked for them by a mighty-morphing radical with an attitude problem. If my homie went through the battle blender like that for me after I found out he had been secretly protecting me and keeping me company for weeks/months, I would be doing A LOT MORE than standing around trying to figure out if I actually thought he was my friend while Captain Boy Toy did some light torture on him. Also Acker, my dude, if you can still find it in your heart and your loins to get riled up while your sister is having a breakdown in the room over…I don’t know, seek help I guess. I liked the juxtaposition of Beau’s bravado and her militaristic delivery of information to her brother showing she can turn on a dime when needed. Adding the mental toll her gift takes on her throughout time and how she has self destructive coping mechanisms really gave her some cool depth, and I appreciated the vulnerability it lent her. Hallis was a weird character for me at first but I ended up looking forward to his dialogue a lot. Initially, I didn’t care for the way he seemed to immediately just be a real jerk to Jovie and it didn’t often read as playful to me when I think it sometimes meant to. Regardless, his genuine care for Beau and Acker and how he dropped the act immediately when they really needed him made him pretty endearing and I always appreciate a grump who cares.
Honestly everything about this book was an A+ for me aside from the two main characters’ dynamic. When Jovie gets pissed at those bats and obliterates a forest? A+ When she tells Acker that she saw the signs that Messer was getting abused and acknowledged she felt shame and that she couldn’t fault him for being complicit in her mistreatment since she had done the same? A+ When she’s sitting there and coming to terms with the fact that everything she knows has been built on lies as she’s flipping through her sketchbook? A++ The writing and setting is great and the book is good, but someone needs to give Jovie a big stick and tell her it’s okay to be mad and smack people with it even if they’re hot.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 19, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Mind blowing page turner
Oh my stars!!! 🤯 he falls first and he falls hard, enemies to lovers, fated mates. Every characters are lovable. There's action, magic, one horse 🤭 and a plot twist that keep on twisting. Oh and a bad ass FMC! Loved it!
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on April 23, 2026
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