Enkei Wheels Vanquish 18" 5x100 Matte Bronze
SKU: 34153002897

Enkei Wheels Vanquish 18" 5x100 Matte Bronze

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Enkei Wheels Vanquish 18" 5x100 Matte BronzeALUMINUM EXPLAINED: PRODUCTION METHODS WILL NOT AFFECT STIFFNESS How can we increase the stiffness of wheels? As long as wheels are made of aluminum alloy, using a different production method does not affect the stiffness of the wheel. Thats because all aluminum alloys used for forging and casting create same material property with identical stiffness. You may think forging process creates stronger materials. However, when forged and cast aluminum

ALUMINUM EXPLAINED: PRODUCTION METHODS WILL NOT AFFECT STIFFNESS
How can we increase the stiffness of wheels? As long as wheels are made of aluminum alloy, using a different production method does not affect the stiffness of the wheel. That’s because all aluminum alloys used for forging and casting create same material property with identical stiffness.

You may think forging process creates stronger materials. However, when forged and cast aluminum alloys are measured by the Young’s modulus, it shows almost no difference between two methods. Forged and casted aluminum alloys are nearly identical in specific gravity as well. Therefore, if you make an exact same shape of wheels using forging and casting method, the weight of those wheels should be the same. What is the advantage of the forging process, then? It is an ability to produce higher material strength.

Generally speaking, compared with casting, forged material is superior in yield strength and tensile strength. However, no matter how great the material strength, it cannot justify an extreme reduction in weight.

Even with adequate material strength, if wheels lack stiffness, they cannot perform properly even with high-performance tires.

Durville Die Casting & MAT Process
Enkei has adopted two technologies – the Durville die casting and MAT process that ensure cast aluminum wheels have strength comparable to forged ones. In the Durville process, molten aluminum alloy is poured into the mold from its inner rim side, with the disc side facing downward. The alloy is rapidly quenched and solidifies, starting at the disc side, creating a finer metallic structure, significantly enhancing tensile strength, yield strength and elongation.

In the MAT process, the wheel rim placed on a mandrel is spun and rolled. This spinning process creates “metal flow” in the metal structure of the aluminum alloy, which is similar to the metal property seen in the forging process.

This hybrid process of casting and forging gives wheel high material strength while keep manufacturing cost more affordable than forged wheels. Additionally, it gives greater freedom of design on the wheel face.

Design Capability behind the best wheels

How does Enkei ensure its wheels have high stiffness? The answer is Enkei’s “Design Capability”.

To maintain high stiffness under great force, the wheel’s cross sectional area in the direction against the force applied needs to be enlarged. Unfortunately, the larger this area is, the heavier the wheel will get. However, if the layout, cross sectional shape of the spokes and the rim profile are designed properly, the wheel can maintain high stiffness without
adding weight.

The layout is made possible by Enkei’s vast accumulation of wheel design data and the computer aided engineering 3D simulation. In addition, Enkei strives for the largest possible weight reduction by identifying the wheel portions where stress concentration is least likely to occur and shaving down areas that do not affect stiffness.

Enkei’s processing techniques ensure the “strength” of its wheels, and its excellent design capability ensures “stiffness” and “lightness.” Enkei’s design capability is the most-treasured asset and essential for developing the highest performance wheels.

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SKU: 34153002897

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Jeff Jenner
Fort Morgan, US
★★★★★ 5
I wish Americans could read Kate Crawford’s book
Format: Kindle
It is a sad bit of irony that the “information revolution” has created a society in which the vast majority of Americans don’t know where their food or water come from. “I don’t get all this talk about drought. You just turn on the faucet and get all the water you want.” It’s no wonder that we’ve created an entire generation of Americans who have no idea where their computing resources come from. “I don’t get all this ‘cost of AI’ talk. ChatGPT is free. Just open your iphone and it will answer any question you have.” While Crawford’s Atlas of AI is a bit sesquipedalian, it is a comprehensive, well-organized, impeccably researched story of where all our miraculous computing power actually comes from. For all the Doomer talk of AI someday making humans extinct, Crawford shows that the way the most powerful American corporations are implementing AI is ALREADY causing vast harm to humans globally, and it will only continue to get worse. Not from some mythical science fiction robot suddenly becoming smarter than people, but from mass ignorance of the slow but steady human-driven global natural resource depletion and exploitation of the most vulnerable people. It’s doubly sad that our polarized culture war politics prevents most Americans from asking the critical questions that Crawford explores in her journey through the landscape of AI creation and production. This book is neither Marxist nor anti-capitalist. It simply argues that, just like there are better ways of managing our water and food resources, there is a better way to manage our computing resources—the first step being a common understanding that there is a natural resource and human cost to every floating point operation that a computer performs. I wish that Americans were able to read, understand, and appreciate such an important analysis of the biggest problem that will confront humans in the next few decades.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 3, 2025
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Thomas
Boise, US
★★★★★ 4
Removing data from databases or datasets.
Format: Kindle
If the share a video or photo option was working I would share the screenshot. However, I'll quote it. "Most of the adults on the list had never been charged, but once they were included, ther was no way to have their name removed." This needs more clarification as you can delete data from a database. Especially if web based, there should be CRUD principles added. If that was not the case there's still ways to delete the data or even change it's classification. I will give benefit of the doubt that there's an underlying reason it was said there was no way to remove or that I even misunderstood the context around it. Just seems a little like reaching by this point. Also, I do like this book and a fresh perspective on data collection even though at times it seems to read a little emotional for what I was expecting of an Atlas. Regardless looking past the verbiage of emotions, this is a great book that does point out a lot of history with AI. Thank you for creating this book! Also giving more data to the internet to be used for.... AI... lol
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Reviewed in the United States on November 27, 2024
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Ckalba22
Birmingham, US
★★★★★ 5
A must read for ALL world citizens A must read again!!
Format: Paperback
Fabulous book. Wide ranging, every page full of information that ALL modern citizens should already know or should learn as we go to green technologies and even more dependence on AI and computers. These techs look 'all clean' and 'socially fair' when in fact at every stage (she takes us from design, to engineering to mining, to sales to production of techs) in this 'atlas' of AI we see pollution, inequality, power relationships hidden just beneath the surface. The tip of the AI/computer/green tech iceberg looks all white and clean........the rest (the filth, pollution and inequaity) are all hidden away. Just a tremendous book and not too hard to read. This book should be required reading for all college students, whatever their field!
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Reviewed in the United States on August 16, 2023
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A M
Phoenix, US
★★★★★ 3
Embitterment in regard to AI
Format: Kindle
AI is one of the most important innovations in the last decades. But the author of this book claims that the current application of AI is bad. It requires computers that use rare material, the mining of which harms the environment, and it uses inaccurate training data, to list some of the arguments presented in this book. But when considering these drawbacks against AI's blessing (automatic translation, contribution to medical research, etc.), the criticism seems to be not justified. The author blames AI for searching order in an infinitely complex world (in the Conclusion chapter), but she ignores that this is exactly what science does. The book also includes many interesting reviews of the history of science and AI. I enjoyed very much reading these reviews.
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Reviewed in the United States on August 2, 2021
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Jill
Alexandria, US
★★★★★ 5
Engaging study of the underpinnings of AI
Format: Kindle
This “atlas” maps what is often forgotten when discussing AI: material needs like the extraction of lithium and other minerals from the earth with the destruction of nature that requires and the workers, as well as the epistemological constraints of classification and the false proxies of data. The book is engagingly written and easy to follow while richly sourced. I’ll probably assign at least a couple of chapters to undergrads in our digital culture program. I would have loved an audio book version - but I listened to it using automatic text to speech on my phone and it was surprisingly not awful. This is the first time I’ve done that with a whole book.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 13, 2021

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